Comprehensive stroke care involves an integrated approach to diagnosing, treating, and managing stroke patients, aiming to reduce mortality, minimize disability, and improve quality of life. It starts with pre-hospital care, which includes public education on stroke symptoms and training emergency medical services (EMS) personnel to recognize and transport stroke patients promptly.
In the acute phase, rapid triage and assessment occur in the emergency department (ED), supported by immediate neuroimaging like CT or MRI scans to distinguish between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Treatment may involve administering intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for ischemic strokes and performing mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions. Hemorrhagic strokes may require surgical interventions and intracranial pressure management.
Inpatient care is provided in specialized stroke units with multidisciplinary teams, focusing on continuous monitoring and managing complications. Secondary prevention includes medical therapies such as antiplatelets, anticoagulants, statins, and antihypertensives, along with lifestyle modifications and surgical options like carotid endarterectomy.
Rehabilitation is initiated early to enhance recovery, involving physical, occupational, and speech therapies, as well as neuropsychological support. Outpatient and long-term care involve regular follow-ups, support groups, and telemedicine for remote consultations.
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